Academic Standards for History

 

8.1  Historical Analysis and Skills Development

8.1.3.  Grade 3

8.1.6.  Grade 6

8.1.9.  Grade 9

8.1.12.  Grade 12

Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the and skills needed to…

A.  Understand chronological thinking and distinguish between past, present and future time.

·          Calendar time

·          Time lines

·          Continuity and change

·          Events (time and place)

 

 

 

B.  Develop an understanding of historical sources.

·          Data in historical maps

·          Visual data from maps and tables

·          Mathematical data from graphs and tables

·          Author or historical source

 

 

 

C.  Understand fundamentals of historical interpretation.

·          Difference between fact and opinion

·          The existence of multiple points of view

·          Illustrations in historical stories

Causes and results

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D.  Understand historical research.

·          Event (time and place)

·          Facts, folklore and fiction

·          Formation of a historical question

·          Primary sources

·          Secondary sources

·          Conclusions (e.g., storytelling, role playing, diorama)

 

A.  Understand chronological thinking and distinguish between past, present and future time.

·          Calendar time

·          Time lines

·          People and events in time

·          Patterns of continuity and change

·          Sequential order

·          Context for events

 

B.  Explain and analyze historical sources.

·          Literal meaning of a historical passage

·          Date in historical and contemporary maps, graphs and tables

·          Author or historical source

·          Multiple historical perspectives

·          Visual evidence

·          Mathematical data from graphs and tables

 

C.  Explain the fundamentals of historical interpretation.

·          Difference between fact and opinion

·          Multiple points of view

·          Illustrations in historical stories

·          Causes and results

·          Author or source of historical narratives

 

 

 

 

 

 

D.  Describe and explain historical research.

·          Historical events (time and place)

·          Facts, folklore and fiction

·          Historical questions

·          Primary sources

·          Secondary sources

·          Conclusions (e.g., simulations, group projects, skits and plays)

A.  Analyze chronological thinking.

·          Difference between past, present and future

·          Sequential order of historical narrative

·          Data presented in time lines

·          Continuity and change

·          Context for events

 

 

 

B.  Analyze and interpret historical sources.

·          Literal meaning of historical passages

·          Data in historical and contemporary maps, graphs, and tables

·          Different historical perspectives

·          Data from maps, graphs and table

·          Visual data presented in historical evidence

 

 

C.  Analyze the fundamentals of historical interpretation.

·          Fact versus opinion

·          Reasons/causes for multiple points of view

·          Illustrations in historical documents and stories

·          Causes and results

·          Author or source used to develop historical narratives

·          Central issue

 

 

D.  Analyze and interpret historical research.

·          Historical event (time and place)

·          Facts, folklore and fiction

·          Historical questions

·          Primary sources

·          Secondary sources

·          Conclusions (e.g., History Day projects, mock trials, speeches)

·          Credibility of evidence

 

A.  Evaluate chronological thinking.

·          Sequential order of historical narrative

·          Continuity and change

·          Context for events

 

 

 

 

 

 

B.  Synthesize and evaluate historical sources.

·          Literal meaning of historical passages

·          Data in historical and contemporary maps, graphs and tables

·          Different historical perspectives

·          Data presented in maps, graphs and tables

·          Visual data presented in historical evidence

 

C.  Evaluate historical interpretation of events.

·          Impact of opinions on the perception of facts

·          Issues and problems in the past

·          Multiple points of view

·          Illustrations in historical stories and sources

·          Connections between causes and results

·          Author or source of historical narratives’ points of view

·          Central issue

 

D.  Synthesize historical research.

·          Historical event (time and place)

·          Facts, folklore and fiction

·          Historical questions

·          Primary sources

·          Secondary sources

·          Conclusions (e.g., Senior Projects, research papers, debates)

·          Credibility of evidence

 

 

Proposed Academic Standards for Geography

 

8.2.  Pennsylvania History

8.2.3.  Grade 3

8.2.6.  Grade 6

8.2.9.  Grade 9

8.2.12.  Grade 12

Pennsylvania’s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the and skills needed to…

A.  Understand the political and cultural contributions of individuals and groups to Pennsylvania history.

·          William Penn

·          Benjamin Franklin

·          Pennsylvanians impacting American Culture (e.g., John Chapman, Richard Allen, Betsy Ross, Mary Ludwig Hayes, Rachel Carson, Elizabeth Jane Cochran, Marian Anderson)

·          Local historical figures in municipalities and counties

 

 

 

 

 

B.  Identify and describe primary documents, material artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history.

·          Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Penn’s Charter, Pennsylvania “Declaration of Rights”)

·          Artifacts, Architecture and Historic Places (e.g., Local historical sites, museum collections, Independence Hall)

·          Liberty Bell

·          Official Commonwealth symbols (e.g., tree, bird, dog, insect)

 

C.  Identify and describe how continuity and change have influenced Pennsylvania history.

·          Belief Systems and Religions (e.g., Native Americans, early settlers, contemporary religions)

·          Commerce and Industry (e.g., jobs, trade, environmental change)

·          Innovations (e.g., technology, ideas, processes)

·          Politics (e.g., rules, regulations, laws)

·          Settlement Patterns (e.g., farms, towns, rural communities, cities)

·          Social Organization (e.g., relationships of individuals, families, groups, communities; ability to be educated)

·          Transportation (e.g., methods of moving people and goods over time)

·          Women’s Movement (e.g., changes in roles and rights over time)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D.  Identify and describe conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations in Pennsylvania history.

·          Domestic Instability (e.g., political, economic and geographic impact on daily activities)

·          Ethnic and Racial Relations (e.g., treatment of various ethnic and racial groups in history)

·          Labor Relations (e.g., working conditions over time)

·          Immigration (e.g., diverse groups inhabiting the state)

·          Military Conflicts (e.g., struggle for control)

 

A.  Identify and explain the political and cultural contributions of individuals and groups to Pennsylvania history from Beginnings to 1824.

·          Inhabitants (e.g., Native Americans, Europeans, Africans)

·          Military Leaders (e.g., Anthony Wayne, Oliver H. Perry, John Muhlenberg)

·          Political Leaders (e.g., William Pen, Hanna Penn, Benjamin Franklin)

·          Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., Robert Morris, John Bartram, Albert Gallatin)

·          Innovators and Reformers (e.g., Society of Friends, Richard Allen, Sybilla Masters)

 

B.  Identify and explain primary documents, material artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history from Beginnings to1824.

·          Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Charter of Privileges, The Gradual Abolition of Slavery Act of 1780, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer)

·          Artifacts Architecture and Historic Places (e.g., Conestoga Wagon, Pennsylvania rifle, Brig Niagara)

 

 

C.  Identify and explain how continuity and change have influenced Pennsylvania history from the Beginnings to 1824.

·          Belief Systems and Religions (e.g., Native Americans, Quakers)

·          Commerce and Industry e.g., iron production, sailing, fur trade)

·          Innovations (e.g., steam boat, Conestoga Wagon)

·          Politics (e.g., The Mason-Dixon Line, Pennsylvania’s acquisition and detachment of the “lower three counties”, movements of State capital)

·          Settlement Patterns (e.g., native settlements, Westward expansion, development of towns)

·          Social Organization (e.g., trade and development of cash economy, African Methodist Episcopal Church founded, schools in the colony)

·          Transportation (e.g., trade routes, turnpikes, post roads)

·          Women’s Movement (e.g., voting qualifications, role models)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D.  Identify and explain conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations in Pennsylvania history from Beginnings to 1824.

·          Domestic Instability (e.g., religious diversity, toleration and conflicts, incursion of the Iroquois)

·          Ethnic and Racial Relations (e.g., Penn’s Treaties with Indians, the Underground Railroad, the abolition of slavery)

·          Labor Relations (e.g., indentured servants, working conditions)

·          Immigration (e.g., Germans, Irish)

·          Military Conflicts (e.g., Dutch, Swedish and English struggle for control of land, Wyoming Massacre, The Whiskey Rebellion)

 

A.  Analyze the political and cultural contributions of individuals and groups to Pennsylvania history from 1787 to 1914.

·          Political Leaders (e.g., James Buchanan, Thaddeus Stevens, Andrew Curtin)

·          Military Leaders (e.g., George Meade, George McClellan, John Hartranft)

·          Cultural and Commercial Leaders (e.g., John J. Audubon, Rebecca webb Lukesn, Stephen Foster)

·          Innovators and Reformers (e.g., George Westinghouse, Edwin Drake, Lucretia Mott)

 

 

 

B.  Identify and analyze primary documents, material artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history from 1787 to 1914)

·          Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Pennsylvania Constitutions of 1838 and 1874, The “Gettysburg Address”, The Pittsburgh Survey)

·          Artifacts, Architecture and Historic Places (e.g., Gettysburg, Eckley Miners’ Village, Drake’s Well)

 

 

 

C.  Identify and analyze how continuity and change have influenced Pennsylvania history from the 1787 to 1914.

·          Belief Systems and Religions (e.g., Ephrata Cloister, Harmonists, Amish, immigrant influences)

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